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F in Oval Check, Recoil Carabines

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Dan Pinto, How Can I help

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (1) Thanks(1)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: F in Oval Check, Recoil Carabines
    Posted: Apr 19 2024 at 12:47pm
2024-B    
F in a Oval Muzzle Devices
CONTRAT E.U.C. 159, 
CARABINES cal, 30 U.S. all models.

Information provided to Larry Ruth by Chuck Osborn.


It is alleged that this tag was from a case of new recoil checks with the F in oval marking.

Note the nomenclature is not typical of that found on USGI items

CONTRAT E.U.C. 159,  What is E.U.C.
CARABINES cal, 30 U.S. all models. 
Note the spelling of carbine it how the French spell carbine, though it may have been used in any French speaking countries.

This may answer who was using them, but the question remains who manufactured them?

The F in oval Check Recoil, M1 and the Hider, Flash, M3 have been discussed as to who manufactured them, who were they for and lots of speculation has gone around.




The aluminum wing nut has a Nyloc insert.

In CCNL 351-9 a mystery M1A1 butt plate was discussed bearing an F in a circle depression.


That article suspected that the plate was made by a company called Ferro and contracted by the State Department for our overseas allies.
The article also states that Ferro was a subcontractor for Ford and made M1 Garand Barrels circa 1956-57, and carbine Flash Hiders and Recoil Checks sometime in the late 50s to mid-60s.

But where did this information come from?

Previously the Garand Collectors Association published an article on the Garand barrels that were showing up having a small F in a circle followed by a date followed by the letters AY. Normally the position of the AY on Garand barrels is a heat lot.
Their has been conjecture that AY is a subcontractor code. If that is the case then why is there also a F in a circle?

The author of that article stated that when he was working on his 1951 GMC pickup truck with a 248 cubic inch motor that he found on the head on the engine was the manufacture symbol "FERRO"  and on the other side of the head was the part number for the head followed by the letters "AY" along with the GMC logo.



I was able to locate 248 cubic-inch motor head picture. Note the part number and below it, there is an X rather than AY. To the left of GMC, there is a script F on top of a raised circle.
However on the other side of the head (bottom portion of the picture) there is no"Ferro" marking, rather the Saginaw Malleable Iron logo circled in yellow. With that, I cannot say this head had anything to do with Ferro, but the script F is like the F used in Ferro markings.

It would seem that Ferro was doing castings for the "Big Three", Ford, Chrysler, and GMC.


To further complicate things, The Garand Stand Report did an article titled Circle F Coded Parts by our own Louis Losi. He talks about parts markings found on .50 cal Browning machine guns.
of note was that Frigidaire div of GMC was using the circle F marking on the parts they made.


Photo courtesy of Louis Losi

Now I am not sure if the article is trying to correlate Frigidaire with all circle F marked parts, but there is the claim that Ferro was sold to the John Harsch Bronze and Foundry Company in 1953. This information has been found to be erroneous as it was Ferro that bought Harsch. 

It would be unwise to say that any of the above proves any one of those companies had anything to do with the carbine muzzle devices.

So a few things to ponder here. 
Is there a difference between an F in a circle vs an oval?
Are the F fonts the same?
Can more than one company use the same marking?










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Edited by New2brass - Apr 29 2024 at 3:35pm
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote W5USMC Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 22 2024 at 1:57pm
We have quite a few forum members from France hopefully one of them will offer some insight on that nomenclature tag. Still more questions than answers.
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote blackfish Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 23 2024 at 12:52pm
Quote
Note the nomenclature is not typical of that found on USGI items

CONTRAT E.U.C. 159, What is E.U.C.
CARABINES cal, 30 U.S. all models.
Note the spelling of carbine it how the French spell carbine, though it may have been used in any French speaking countries.

This may answer who was using them, but the question remains who manufactured them?


Don't know whether this makes any sense, but small arms export is highly regulated, often requiring certifications that the items won't be resold, etc...

Maybe this contrat in particular was to whatever party issued the End User Certificate #159? 8Q
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 25 2024 at 1:22pm
interesting thought. Another suggested European Union Contract, but the part predates the European Union (E.U.) as far as I can find. Previously the EEC,  European Economic Community
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote painter777 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 25 2024 at 1:27pm
Dan,
The recoil check and flash hider,
Would these have been made in a Stamping facility?

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 25 2024 at 6:51pm
Charlie,
 there is some machining involved on the main body. The inside feels rough machined but smooth outside. If it was cast I would think they would have cleaned up the inside for the mold plug.
Front cap can be formed, but no idea if it could have has the vents stamped or machined after forming.
Cone on FH most likely formed.
Hinge/latch sections stamped and formed.
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote painter777 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 25 2024 at 9:17pm
Thx Dan, Asked because I know there was a Ferro Mfg Stamping plant in MT Pleasant, Mi that had a WWII contract for Ammo cans, Gas cans etc. Not quite sure what all records are hard to find.

Looking around today I found replies to questions about: Who made my Garand barrel with the F?
Answer- 
Ferro Machine & Foundry - the (F) is their trademark. They started to build to replacement barrels for M1’s (and BAR’s as well) in the mid-50’s when Springfield Armory was in the transition from 30.06 to 7.62. Does the barrel happen to have any import stamp on it? (OP replied yes, but couldn't read it) Ferro Machine & Foundry produced replacement barrels and sent them overseas, which is why I asked if there was any import marking; they are actually not that common, and typically seen on 80’s import rifles.

Another from 2020 on the M1 Garand Forum. OP asked about Ferro barrel ID? and some small letter stamping. The guy that replied I know and as far as Garands he's one of the best.
His username and Reply: 
RCSYour barrel was manufactured by Ferro Machine & Foundry in Ohio, Ferro replacement parts were shipped to Europe and used in rebuilds. Some of their parts
got into the US supply or rifles and found there way back. I have also seen a Model 1918A2 BAR barrel dated 5-56 with circle F. You can find M1 carbine parts
that were also manufactured by Ferro, don't have a list but know they made muzzle brakes, butt plates for the M1A1 and other parts.

The other marking on the front of your barrel is the import stamp, your rifle came from another country where it had the ferro barrel installed.

A poster on Milsurps back in 2017 thought they are believed to be a post war MAP contract item (s?). 
Another said: "AY" was the production identification for Ferro.
They also made a good number of parts for the M-1 rifle.
Most barrels were dated in 1956.
Respectfully
Ed Byrns

RCS added: Not that common to find a Ferro M1 rifle barrel, years ago I saw a photo of a Model 1918A2 barrel with the circle F and dated 5-56.


Seems we'd of seen more Ferro parts here in the States. Most barrels we see are on imports. Possible this was a support contract for over seas? Mid 50's ?

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 25 2024 at 10:19pm
Charlie, I appreciate the effort, but please read what I wrote again. 

Ed Byrns was the one that reported the head as being ferro to the GCA. 
I emailed back and forth with him. 
I believe Ferro is built on a house of cards. 

I also talked to a few of the GCA guys who had issue with claim. 

It is like saying IR Co sights are Ingersol Rand because there are tractors that have IR on some parts. 

Everyone ran with F in Circle must be Ferro. F in oval must be Ferro as well. Billy Pyle in his article in his Garand Stand Report took jabs at “the experts” as he felt the story weak as well.

What proof do we have that AY was assigned to Ferro?
Who would have assigned that marking?
Why were other barrels putting heat lots in the place where AY was?
Some bright light is gonna say Ferro made magazines for Belgium based on pre war head having a code on it. 

As to Ferro, they were a huge foundry and machine company with locations in many places. Does not surprise me that they did sheet metal work. 
The muzzle devices, though adopted in WW2, were not produced due to VJ Day and cancellation of all contracts. Leading up to Korea was when ordnance gave contracts to Underwood for the devices. Unclear when SA made flash hiders. Same with NDL brakes. 

So the first credible lead that I know of is at the top of this post. 
I wish we had this when Ricca was still with us. 








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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote painter777 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 25 2024 at 11:28pm
So all I can rely on from my post above would be the observations especially Roberts (RCS), and a rough timeline.
 Any 'Thoughts' aren't based on any proof.

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 27 2024 at 1:58pm
What is RCS's source?
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote painter777 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 28 2024 at 4:53pm
Dan,
Got your Email, Will reply by Email mid week~.

I'm only using what Robert (RCS) seen as reliable information. I'll PM him and ask, but I'd be willing to bet his use of FERRO came from the same 'Article'.

At this time I'm not on the Ferro made the items above band wagon. Until more proof is brought forward.
I can't find a changeover to the trademark to a F in a oval. I'm heading to Virginia for a couple weeks, but will keep looking.

Plenty of real early use of the FERRO Diamond 1915 Trademark then a switch over seen on engine blocks can be found with FERRO> stamped on the them. Ford auto and truck blocks pre 1942 and newer can be found marked the same way. I've found this same marking on GM's, Fords and not commonly known makers. Pictured is a 42 Ford Flathead 6

 
With newer blocks being found with the same FERRO> stamping and according to the son of a Father who worked at the Cleveland Plant who stated it closed about 1954 (see link). Can we rule out M1 dated 55-56 barrels being made by FERRO at the Cleveland Plant? Ford had moved in and built their mega casting plant. I'll keep digging.

See Post by George Ferencz

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 28 2024 at 5:53pm
Originally posted by painter777 painter777 wrote:

I can't find a changeover to the trademark to a F in a oval. I'm heading to Virginia for a couple weeks, but will keep looking.

Plenty of real early use of the FERRO Diamond 1915 Trademark then a switch over seen on engine blocks can be found with FERRO> stamped on the them. Ford auto and truck blocks pre 1942 and newer can be found marked the same way. I've found this same marking on GM's, Fords and not commonly known makers.
Charlie-P777


Charlie, let me save you some time with the trademarks, When you mentioned Ferro in Michigan, I had thought it was just another location of Oglebay-Norton, which Ferro was a subsidiary of. 
Looking into Ferro in Michigan I found a picture of the factory and the sign on top of it is the trademark I had posted. 
Looking deeper, they were two different companies, just as there were several Standard Products companies in different states.
The Michigan group had two locations, Detroit and Mt Pleasant. They were the ones making latches and parts for cars. Not the the foundry. Seems my source lumped the two companies into one.

This leaves us with finding a Ferro head on  248 cubic-inch GMC motor. But I suspect it will only prove the original story wrong.

Consider the following, barrels were not cast, they were forged. You would need specialized machinery to rifle the bore. Would Ferro (either of them) even be equipped to do this? Both companies seem to have more than enough work.

I am thinking, for various reasons. the barrels, muzzle devices and M1a1 buttplate were made by 3 separate companies.
 


Edited by New2brass - Apr 29 2024 at 7:11am
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote painter777 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Apr 28 2024 at 10:22pm
This lists Mount Pleasant, but also other locations like Lexington, TN, Brampton, Ont and the newly purchased Eynon-Dakin Co (Mi) on Telegraph road. From a Detroit Free Press Article dated July 10 1966.

Here was a Ammo / Fuse can ID'd on the War Relics Forum as coming from Ferro Stamping in Mount Pleasant, dated 1944:

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Aug 06 2024 at 10:39am
Another E.U.C. 159 contract

this is for unmarked oilers that are wrapped in groups of 4 in tissue paper. These are not packed in cosmoline




I am starting to suspect these were NATO contracts possibly for France and their involvement in Algerian Revolution.
Although the revolution was from late 1954 to early 1962, I am seeing the USA spending billions of dollars in aid to France as early as 1951. In 1953 newspapers there is concern about the government not providing accountability of spending.

A 1954 congressional hearing lists some contracts to the United Kingdom with contract numbers similar to DA-91-557-EUC-### 
with no -159 found
I suspect a different DA-##-###-EUC-159 may be the key.

Does anyone remember a NL that talked about a part with country codes? the first 2 numbers may be the country. If so is we plug in the code for France we may get lucky


Edited by New2brass - Aug 06 2024 at 10:57am
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote painter777 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Aug 06 2024 at 8:16pm
Dan,
Think they were made here?     And Packaged where?
Could these have been US and CIA purchased, then used as support to the French who were fighting in Vietnam again?
France's war effort was largely funded and supplied by the United States... per Britannica:

Even after the 1954 defeat of France shortly after the DMZ was established, Eisenhower began a crash program of assistance to South Vietnam called 'The Saigon Military Mission'. It was a covert operation to conduct psychological ops, supply and paramilitary activities with embedded US Special Forces. At this time (1954) out of the public eye to include Congress. All done in the guise to fight communism.
In 1962 US troops had rose from about 900 to just over 9,000 and had added helicopters, armored trucks etc. Too much money now being spent and newspaper headlines being made to hide from the public and Congress.

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Aug 07 2024 at 10:04am
Charlie,
Hard to say where made, but suspect made in the USA due to the same nomenclature on the items. If foreign I would guess no markings or in native language.
Packaging I would say is a mix of mostly English with "Contrat" and "Carabines" being French.
So again, repackage?

as to the money and keeping it out of the eye of the public:
I had mentioned in 1953 that the newspapers were talking the unaccounted spending of "billions" for France in the Algerian war and or revolution. The stated war dates are 1954-1962.

so looking at Frances involvement post WW2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_France
under the French Fourth Republic (1946- 1958)
War in Vietnam 1945-1946
Malagasy Uprising 1947-1948
First Indochina War 1946-1954
Korean War 1950 - 1953
Algerian War 1954 - 1962
Bamileke War 1955- 1966
Suez Crisis 1956
Ifni War 1957-1958

Under the French Fifth Republic (1958 - Present)
Basque conflict (1959–2011)
Bizerte crisis (1961)
Sand War (1963–1964)
Dirty War (1974–1983)
IU will stop here due to unlikely dates for carbine parts.

The items in red would before the known introduction of the actual Hider, Flash M3 and the Check, Recoil, M1 which we only know as 1950s contracts.

next is the known MAP and Lend Lease to France
WWII            96,983      Lend Lease
1951-1963     99,000      MAP
1951-1963     56,356      MAP

Now I am not well versed in all the wars of the world, but France departed from Indochina in 1954. Note how Wiki above does not mention the Vietnam War (1955-1975)

however, we need to be open to supplying parts to French speaking countries that we supplied, even if covert operations.

This is why I honed in on Algeria. My WAG is that early on in the 1950s the USA would just keep giving contracts to Underwood and SA to make the devices needed. We have seen them NIW as late as 1953. So I am thinking the F in oval devices would have been when the need had risen.
though this could have been in the in the late 1960s to early 1970s
We know carbine pars were made that late. Also it would seem as time went on the marking of parts had receded and packaging no longer had a manufacturer on them.

So at this point my best guess would be to decode the contract numbers and the E.U.C.
I suspect if this pans out it would be around a 1953 to possibly early 1960s

We need to find a Billl Ricca that knows contract formats and how to decode them







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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote BlueGhost Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: Nov 29 2024 at 7:21am
E.U.C. 159 likely refers to the "HS Code" or item classification number 159 of the US End User Certificate program which refers to 'Rifle Cleaning Kits' but may well have been used as a broad-brush ID for a package of related accessories.  Having been involved in the Foreign Military Sales game to some extent in my former life, my experience suggests that was the case.


I don't know if the spelling of the words Contrat and Carabines was a nod to the requirements of UN regs regarding EUCs or because the weapons were going to a French speaking country.  The fact that the rest of the form is in English suggests the UN angle.

As to whom may have been receiving the Carbine items under the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program or the Military Assistance Program (MAP), an extensive list is provided here:


None of which shines light on the circle F mystery but it could explain the nature of the document in the original post.




Edited by New2brass - Nov 29 2024 at 9:10am
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote New2brass Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: May 01 2025 at 8:40am
This may, or may not be related. But may help refine what we are looking at

Quick rundown of numbers
SNL Standard Nomenclature List circa 1920-1949 as alpha-numeric code where the first set defined the group followed by 7 digits to identify the item. Ex: B028 or B28 would be Group "B" small arms, and 28 or 028 was specific to the M1 carbine.

Note: thought the dates are approximate, there was an overlap period (1949 to about 1955)

FSN Federal Stock Number circa 1949-1974 11-digit codes where the first 4 digits were the Federal Supply Classification Group (FSCG) code, which the first two were the group and the next two were the clasification.
Ex: 1005 is now Weapons (from 1 mm through 30 mm).

NSN National Stock Number 1974- present. 13-digit code    1234-56-789-XXX where the first set of numbers is the Federal Supply Class. Second set of numbers is the country of origin. third set of numbers is a grouping number which can be random or identify a sub group. last set of numbers is unique and identifies the specific part.

This has a N.U.C. before the National Stock Number

http://www.uscarbinecal30.com/forum/uploads/3657/2024A2.jpg

1005- Weapons (from 1 mm through 30 mm).
15- Italy
063- random or sub group
8156 is the specific item

Few things to note: the country of origin had changed at at least one point. US made items have always been 00 or 01.

The above link for EUC seems to be items specific to items to Nigeria. Like the country of origin codes, this may be true today, but may have not been the same when the recoil check was made, presumably before 1955.

The question being posed, do E.U.C. and N.U.C have any correlation?

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